It's hard to imagine the daily life of any person without paper. It is an excellent medium of information, occupying an exclusive and dominant place among others.
Instructions
Step 1
The modern way of making paper came from China, around 105 AD, where for the first time they were able to get a thin sheet, on which graphite easily left a trace. In Russia, paper began to be produced in the 16th century. Initially, the production was rather primitive and consisted of grinding mulberries with the addition of ash, rags, hemp and water. The resulting mass was thoroughly dried in the sun and thus turned into paper.
Step 2
Since 1803, paper has already been obtained using special machines, but the process itself was not much different from the historically established one. The only thing is that now it has become more mechanized. The first paper-making machine in our country appeared only in 1817.
Step 3
Today, paper can be obtained from plant cellulose or recycled materials (waste paper). Vegetable substances with fiber content are an integral part of the production. Their semi-finished products can be: wood pulp, rag half-mass, as well as cellulose.
Step 4
Considering manufacturing, a certain sequence of processes is distinguished. Typically, this is due to the canteen paper machine. At the first stage, the required paper pulp is prepared, at the second stage, it is generated and dried using a unit. At the third stage, they are finally finished (cut), sorted and packed.
Step 5
The device, in turn, includes a mesh, press and drying section. There is also a calender and a roll. The mesh part serves to form the canvas and its ebb. In other words, this removes excess water.
Step 6
The press part of the unit also takes over the dewatering, but already to dryness of about 40%. The drying section provides the web with up to 95% dryness. The calender thickens the paper, makes it smooth.
Step 7
Having passed all these components, the canvas is wound onto rolls. After that, it is cut to the required size on specialized cutting machines.
Step 8
The final part of the whole process can be considered packaging. If necessary, the paper is dyed and its whiteness is increased with the help of special bleaching agents. In addition, the sheets can be embossed.
