Drawing architectural details is an obligatory part of teaching classical drawing. Future artists are offered various fragments of antique buildings, including the capital, that is, the upper part of the column. But the image of such a detail may be needed not only by a student of an art studio. These can be decorations for a school or home performance, and illustrations for an antique history textbook.
It is necessary
- - paper;
- - pencil;
- - a volumetric model of a Doric capital or drawing.
Instructions
Step 1
Drawing, of course, is best from nature. But few people keep life-size models of architectural details at home, so it is possible that you will have to get by with a picture. However, modern tools can also be used. For example, find a suitable video, watch it to the place where the small capital is in the angle you want, and take a freeze frame. This, of course, is not a volumetric layout, but this method gives an idea of lighting and the ratio of shapes.
Step 2
Consider small caps. You will see that it consists of several parts. At the top is a massive square slab, also called an abacus. Even higher - the plate is thinner, it is called a shelf. If you draw these slabs in the upper projection, then their centers will coincide, and the sides will be parallel. Under the abacus at the Doric capital there is something like a bowl - a wide part formed by the rotation of the ball. This is echin. Below it you see a belt, consisting of separate parts, and even lower - a cylinder. It ends with a ledge going in a circle, which is the transition to the column itself. This is the simplest version of a small cap. Under the top slab there can be images of plants and animals, the belt can be carved - and so on.
Step 3
Begin to draw with a thin, hard pencil from the centerline of the vertical line. The most convenient angle is when the middle of the top slab is directly in front of you. In this case, it coincides with the axis of symmetry, and you just have to determine the ratio of sizes. But, of course, you can choose any other angle.
Step 4
Determine the ratio of the heights of the largest parts. Take the part of the column between the belts as a basis. Its height is about 2 times less than its width. Mark the height with dots, then set aside equal distances from each point to the right and left. Set aside segments that are approximately equal to 1/6 of the height of this part of the capital down. For echin, set aside a height equal to about 2/3 of the height of the column between the belts, and about the same - to the height of the slab without a shelf.
Step 5
Decide on the width of the echinus and the top plate. The lower diameter of the echinus is slightly wider than the main column, and the upper one is equal to the side of the slab. The slab itself is about 2 times wider than the main column. For the top shelf, set aside a little more width.
Step 6
Connect the marked points. Connect all parts of the capital with straight lines or arcs, depending on where the capital is in relation to you. The oval part can be drawn in the same way as you draw a glass - with two straight lines, between which an oval is located above and below. Remove excess lines. Draw the side parts of the echinus with arcs, the convex part of which is directed from the column. Draw cross lines. Give the shading the shape of the capital. Make the parts farther from you darker.
