Every person has logical thinking. However, not all people can use it to the fullest. In some it is more developed, in others it is less. But logical thinking can be trained using tasks. Einstein's riddle is one of the most popular. It is quite difficult to solve it in your head, but having compiled a table, it noticeably loses in complexity.
It is necessary
Pen, paper
Instructions
Step 1
Let us recall the essence of the problem. On one street there are 5 houses of different colors, people of different nationalities live in them. They all drink different drinks, smoke different brands of cigarettes and breed different animals. Question: who is raising the fish?
It is also known that:
1. The Norwegian lives in the first house.
2. The Englishman lives in the red house.
3. The green house is located directly to the left of the white one.
4. The Dane drinks tea.
5. Someone who smokes Rothmans lives next to someone who raises cats.
6. The one who lives in the yellow house smokes Dunhill.
7. The German smokes Marlboro.
8. The one who lives in the center drinks milk.
9. The neighbor of the Rothmans smoker drinks water.
10. Someone who smokes Pall Mall raises birds.
11. The Swede is raising dogs.
12. The Norwegian lives next to the blue house.
13. The one who raises horses lives in a blue house.
14. Anyone who smokes Philip Morris drinks beer.
15. They drink coffee in the green house.
Draw a table. List all signs of houses and their numbers.
Step 2
We fill in the table. Let's start simple. So, the Norwegian lives in the first house (1), which is next to the blue one (12). Therefore, house # 2 is blue. The master of the central house, i.e. No. 3, drinks milk (8). Horses are raised in the blue house (13). Now, logically speaking, we can fill in the rest of the table.
Step 3
The easiest place to start is with the line "house color". By the condition of the problem, the green house is located directly to the left of the white one (3). This house can be # 3 or # 4. The first house cannot be green, because to the left of it there is a blue one. We also know that in a green house they drink coffee (15), and in house no. 3 they drink milk. So, the green house is # 4, respectively, the house # 5 is white. Let's find out the colors of the remaining two houses. It is known that the Englishman lives in the red house (2). In the first - a Norwegian, which means that an Englishman lives in house number 3 and its color is red. Consequently, the first house is yellow, its owner smokes Dunhill (6).
Step 4
Now let's find out what kind of drinks these people prefer. The easiest way to tell is what a Norwegian is drinking. We know that in the third house they drink milk, and in green coffee. The Dane drinks tea (4). Anyone who smokes Philip Morris drinks beer (14), but the Norwegian smokes Dunhill. From which we conclude that he drinks water.
Step 5
Go ahead. Find out who lives in the blue house. Its owner smokes Rothmans and breeds horses. This is not a Norwegian or an Englishman. The Swede also cannot live in this house because he is raising dogs. Not German, as he smokes Marlboro. Hence, this is a Dane and he drinks tea (4).
Beer is drunk by the one who lives in the White House and smokes Philip Morris (14).
Step 6
We do not know the owners of houses # 4 and # 5. A German cannot live in a white house because he smokes Marlboro. This means that the Swede lives in a white house and breeds dogs (11), and the German - in a green one.
Step 7
The table shows that the remaining brand of cigarettes (Pall Mall) is smoked by an Englishman and he also breeds birds (10). The Norwegian, based on clause 5, raises cats. We still have the one who breeds the fish - this is a German.
Step 8
The problem has been solved.
What at first glance seems insoluble, upon closer examination, turns out to be simple.
Logic puzzles are not just fun, they are a warm-up for the brain.
