Light filters, like attachments for a camera lens, are used in cases when it is necessary to limit the luminous flux in terms of strength or spectral characteristics during photography. Unlike attachment lenses, optical filters do not have optical magnification.
It is necessary
- - SLR film or digital camera;
- - a set of light filters.
Instructions
Step 1
Three types of light filters are most often used as attachments for lenses: neutral, color and polarizing. All light filters reduce the luminous flux to one degree or another, which must be taken into account when photographing and filming. For shooting with light filters, it is most convenient to use through-sight cameras, both film SLR and digital ones.
Step 2
Neutral filters are used when you need to reduce the overall brightness of the image. This situation can occur when shooting particularly bright subjects when the minimum exposure and maximum aperture of the lens are insufficient. According to the Russian standard, neutral light filters are marked HC1, HC2, and so on. The number after the letters НС (neutral density filter) indicates the exposure increments. Neutral filters can be used in both black and white and color photography.
Step 3
BS UV filters cannot be considered neutral, therefore they are classified as colorless. These filters block ultraviolet rays, which can slightly reduce air haze in photographs, while retaining the possibility of color photography.
Step 4
The most commonly used color filters in photography are yellow, namely ZhS12 and ZhS17. These filters "cut" the blue and ultraviolet components of the spectrum, which helps to reduce air haze and fog, increasing the overall contrast of the photo. The orange light filter OS12 reduces the air haze even more, it is used for shooting distant objects, and also reduces the brightness of the sky. Orange, as well as red filters (KS brand) are used to create the effect of daytime shooting "at night". All color filters are designed exclusively for black and white photography or cinematography.
Step 5
Of the color filters, the skylight filters should be noted separately. These filters are used specifically for color photography. They have a slightly pinkish color, their purpose is to reduce the excessive green tone of vegetation and shoot in cloudy weather. Another property of skylight filters is softening and slight blurring of shadows, which is of interest for artistic and portrait photography.
Step 6
Polarizing filters have the property of transmitting only light rays of a certain polarization vector. This makes it possible to locally attenuate glare from dielectric reflective surfaces such as wet asphalt, plastic sheeting, paints and the like. To adjust the polarization vector, such a filter must be rotated in the frame relative to the optical axis of the lens. A combination of two polarizing filters can be used successfully as a high quality ND filter. Polarizing filters are used in all types of photography, including color.
