The terrain profile is most often needed by surveyors, who, based on the design and layout, make their calculations. The terrain profile is the terrain, as it were, cut vertically. Correctly building a profile is a task for specialists, but it is quite possible to solve it on your own, using some methods and well-known properties of landscape bodies.
It is necessary
- - terrain drawing;
- - the pencils.
Instructions
Step 1
In order to build a profile of any direction, on a topographic plan or map, you need to draw a straight line, where to mark and determine its horizontal intersection with the bends of the slopes and with the tops of heights. The points that have turned out must be transferred in the drawing to the line of the base of the profile and restore the perpendiculars to the base in them. Along the perpendiculars, you need to plot the relative height of the point or points above those of them that have the smallest absolute height. The points that have turned out need to be connected with a smooth curve. This curved line will show the profile of the relief in the selected direction. Similarly, you can make a profile in the drawing according to the leveling data.
Step 2
Horizontal lines on a map or plan, which connect points with absolute elevation and points on the earth's surface, help to draw the terrain. The horizontal can be main, additional and auxiliary. The main contour is those lines that lag behind one another by the height of the relief section specified for the selected map or plan.
Step 3
The horizontal drawn through? the main section is called additional. An auxiliary contour of an arbitrary section is drawn at a height necessary for a good display of specific landforms. The main horizontal is drawn with a closed, solid line. The color is taken at the same time brown. Dotted lines represent additional horizontal lines. But if there are conventional signs on the map: rivers, streets, roads, glades, which are depicted as lines, then the horizontal lines should not intersect them.
Step 4
To make the map convenient to read and easily determine the height of the relief, those horizontals that are divisible by five (1/10, 1/5, etc.) should be drawn with a thickened line - 0.25 mm, when ordinary horizontals are drawn 1/10 mm thick … For the convenience of reading a map or plan, you can apply bergschrikhs on the horizontal, which show in which direction the slope is directed, and also have the signature of the horizontal height.
Step 5
The height is usually signed in those places where there is a gap in the horizontal, and they are positioned so that it is convenient to read, in addition, the top of the numbers should be turned towards the rise of the slope. Bergstriches are drawn with a thickness of 1/10 mm and a length of 1 mm. When drawing the terrain, it is necessary to observe not only the established conventional signs, but also to choose the right color.
