Each locality in Russia was characterized by a unique embroidery. She was distinguished by both special colors and ornaments. The most famous at present include the Vladimir smooth surface or the Vladimirsky top, where the stitches fill the entire surface of the fabric.
In ancient times, clothes were decorated exclusively with embroidery. A simple needle and threads in the hands of the craftswoman created patterns of amazing beauty. Difficult art required a lot of attention and patience. Over the years, the techniques of embroidery have improved, new techniques have appeared. However, the peculiarities and originality of the trade were preserved.
History
When studying the history of the Vladimir-Suzdal principality, fragments of clothes decorated with amazing sewing were found. The stitches on the right side were long. On the seamy side, only the contours were visible. Archaeologists have even found fastening of long stitches with small stitches.
In the village of Mstera in the 18th-19th centuries, nuns embroidered linen with gold threads. These craftswomen are called the ancestors of the Vladimir seam. The nuns taught art to the surrounding residents, only expensive gold threads were then replaced with more accessible red ones.
The patterns looked like large leaves and flowers, embroidered with long stitches. Overhead grids in vibrant shades of blue and green filled the middle. The use of black, beige, brown and yellow tones was allowed.
Features of the
To save money, most of the threads were placed on the front side, leaving only an inconspicuous dotted line on the inside. Therefore, the Vladimir surface and received a second name, top.
One-sided sewing with small stitches became a hallmark of this type of needlework. Various techniques were used to manufacture parts.
Large elements were embroidered with satin stitch, for the stem - a stalk seam, and the middle - a mesh. The theme also remains unchanged: plant motifs in red and white, sometimes you can only see birds.
Threads are most often taken by modern masters woolen and folded in several layers of floss or "iris". Typically, the drawing is framed with a patterned border in the form of repeating twigs or bushes.
Receptions
Needlework implies several options for the surface, double-sided, with flooring, ordinary. Plain satin stitch is sewn on the right side with long stitches. Double sided looks the same on both sides.
The pattern is carried out with stitches of the following types:
- "With flooring", to allow to give the element three-dimensionality. To do this, the contour is sewn with simple stitches, and the surface is sewn on top, from the middle to the edge.
- The “paws” were named after their resemblance to bird tracks. Typically used to fill in gaps in large details.
- "Forward the needle" is used, wishing to perform flooring for volumetric elements.
- "Stem seam" - for thin stems, branches. The fabric is pierced diagonally and at the top.
- "Goat" is associated with a cross, as the stitches cross each other from the bottom and from the top. There are no requirements for stitch sizes.
Performance
Traditionally, the fabric used is linen, unbleached. Embroider in white, one-sided and double-sided satin stitch. For the first, only white thread is used. This kind of embroidery is typical for decorating bed linen and towels. On top of the flooring outline the contours of the future pattern with a seam "forward needle".
Then the surfaces of large floristic elements are covered with decking. The final drawing is applied on top. Needlework begins with sharp ends, going to the edges from the center. Only for the formation of flowers, the stitches are placed in the center from the edges. The overlay mesh implies filling the hollow center. It usually looks like a symmetrical array of fine details. Sometimes long stitches are placed vertically or horizontally when filling.
To preserve the beauty of your work for a long time, it is important to properly care for the product:
- The fabric is washed in warm water with detergents without bleaches.
- For machine washing, the handicraft is preliminarily placed in a special bag or pillowcase.
- Be sure to rinse thoroughly.
- Unscrew the washed item through a terry towel.
- Iron from the wrong side through a cotton cloth on a soft towel.
It is forbidden to fold wet embroidery. It must be laid out to dry thoroughly.
